Embedding Data Governance into Regulatory Reporting Systems: Lessons from CCAR, Capital, and Liquidity Programs

Abstract

Regulatory reporting programs such as the Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR), capital adequacy reporting, and liquidity monitoring frameworks depend heavily on reliable data governance structures. Financial institutions are expected not only to produce accurate regulatory reports but also to demonstrate transparency in how those results are derived, validated, and controlled. Over time, supervisory expectations have evolved from focusing solely on data accuracy to emphasizing the importance of governance frameworks that ensure traceability, accountability, and sustainability of reporting processes. Regulatory programs require institutions to maintain strong lineage tracking, controlled transformations, and clear ownership across the entire reporting lifecycle. This paper examines how data governance principles can be embedded directly within regulatory reporting systems rather than treated as separate oversight processes. Drawing lessons from CCAR, capital adequacy, and liquidity reporting programs, the study presents a structural approach that integrates governance controls into system architecture. The analysis highlights how governance-aware reporting systems improve transparency, strengthen regulatory defensibility, and enhance institutional resilience.